# 专题跟踪 · 成本优化 · 2026-09-03
> 日期：2026-09-03（Asia/Shanghai）。原料：公开文档/产品页原文摘录，非旧分析稿。对应卷宗 `topics/cost.md`。

## 摘要
- VCF Operations（原 Aria）把 FinOps 写成 Cost Drivers、Pricing Policies、Showback、Chargeback，Capacity 写成 assess/optimize/plan + What-If；Reclaim 覆盖关机/闲置 VM、快照、孤儿盘；Automation Central 可定时回收。文档 2026-08 仍在更新。
- NCM 2.x 把 Cost Governance 做成可气隙本地部署，并设 FinOps Admin 角色；Cost 能力主要在 NCM Pro（Metering/Chargeback），不是 NCI 赠品。
- Red Hat Cost Management 已按 VM 跟踪 OpenShift Virtualization；2025-04 起把平台/未分配/存储摊到 VM。无 Aria 级 What-If/废置作业。
- ZStack 2026-01-07 用四级计费（租户-部门-项目-资源）打 VCF 精细化运营；价目含 GPU/裸金属。无容量 What-If。
- Rafay / OpenNebula / Morpheus **Enterprise** 有 Showback/Chargeback；HPE 明文 costing 不在 VME。Proxmox、SmartX、FusionCube、FusionOne、Verge、Vates、Scale、Harvester、Platform9 PCD、k0rdent：**无公开 Aria 对等模块**。

## 原文摘录

### [FinOps and Capacity（VCF 9）](https://techdocs.broadcom.com/us/en/vmware-cis/vcf/vcf-9-0-and-later/9-0/overview-of-vmware-cloud-foundation-9/what-is-vmware-cloud-foundation-and-vmware-vsphere-foundation/vcf-operations-overview/cost-and-capacity-management.html)
- 来源：Broadcom TechDocs / Last Updated August 31, 2026
> You can use the FinOps or cost management capabilities to monitor infrastructure-related costs and associated services or license expenses with greater precision. It also enables showback and chargeback capabilities, helping application teams understand and manage the cost of the infrastructure they consume. To support this, VI administrators and provider administrators can use a range of features such as Cost Drivers for expense attribution, Pricing Policies for rate card definitions, Showback for distributing costs based on actual usage, and Chargeback for billing tenants or application teams using predefined pricing models. … Capacity Management consists of 3 sets of capabilities - assess, optimize and plan. … Capacity optimization helps you right-size or reclaim any underutilized or wasted resources. … By using What-If Analysis, you can plan for an increase or decrease in workload or capacity requirements in your virtual infrastructure. … you can run scenarios for adding and removing workloads. You can also determine how much capacity you require to make a migration work. You can run one scenario or group scenarios and run them cumulatively.

### [Reclamation Settings](https://techdocs.broadcom.com/us/en/vmware-cis/vcf/vcf-9-0-and-later/9-0/cost-and-capacity-management/optimizing-capacity-and-improving-performance/how-to-optimize-capacity-and-improve-performance/using-reclaim-to-free-up-resources/reclamation-settings.html)
- 来源：VCF Operations 文档
> Displays information about powered off VMs, idle VMs, snapshots and orphaned disks. This information helps to identify the amount of resources that can be reclaimed and provisioned to other objects in your environment or amount of potential savings that can be done in each month. … Further, you can configure how long a given class of VMs must be in the designated state - powered-off, for example, or idle - to be included in the reclamation exercise. You also can choose to hide the cost savings calculation. … VM Idleness Criteria Defines the criteria to identify VMs that remain idle during the defined period of time.

### [Automation Central](https://techdocs.broadcom.com/us/en/vmware-cis/vcf/vcf-9-0-and-later/9-1/infrastructure-operations/configuring-automation-using-jobs/automation-central.html)
- 来源：VCF 9.1 / Last Updated August 3, 2026
> Automation Central is where you can create jobs to automate optimization actions which reclaim or rightsize VMs. You can also schedule additional actions such as powering on, powering off, and rebooting VMs and instances. … Delete old snapshots. You can include idle and powered off VMs for reclamation. Poweroff Idle VMs. Delete powered off VMs. Downsize oversized …

### [Nutanix Cloud Manager (NCM) datasheet](https://www.nutanix.com/library/datasheets/ncm)
- 来源：Nutanix datasheet
> NCM Cost Governance delivers integrated financial accountability for the Nutanix Cloud Platform. It provides granular visibility via TCO modeling and metering to automate chargeback, track budgets, and drive … | What you get | … Resource Inefficiency Detection and Right-sizing … | … Cost Governance Cost Metering Cloud Visibility and Optimization Budgeting and Chargeback |

### [NCM 2.x / Cost Governance On-Prem](https://www.nutanix.com/blog/next-gen-nutanix-cloud-manager)
- 来源：Nutanix 博客
> Bring Financial Clarity to Your Private Cloud: Cost Governance applies a Total Cost of Ownership model that aggregates hardware, software, facilities, telecom, services, and people costs to derive realistic unit costs such as cost per VM per hour, with enhancements for snapshot metering, vSphere licensing alignment, and simplified term‑based setup.

### [Charge back the cost of OpenShift Virtualization](https://www.redhat.com/en/blog/charge-back-cost-openshift-virtualization-red-hat-insights-cost-management)
- 来源：Red Hat Blog / 2025-03-06
> The cost management service in Red Hat Insights has recently gained support for tracking OpenShift Virtualization, giving customers the ability to track costs directly associated with virtual machines running within their OpenShift clusters. … This feature includes a new API endpoint (/api/cost-management/v1/reports/openshift/resources/virtual-machines/) and an additional “Virtualization” tab … We have released a preview of the cost of OpenShift Virtualization VMs. In this preview, CPU and memory costs are distributed to the VMs. Work is underway to also account for the costs of storage, networking and overhead …

### [What’s new in cost management · VM updates](https://docs.redhat.com/en/documentation/cost_management_service/1-latest/html-single/whats_new_in_cost_management/index)
- 来源：Red Hat Lightspeed cost management 文档
> Distribute platform cost to OCP VMs … this enhancement uses CPU and memory consumption to proportionally distribute costs. Cost model per VM count metrics … “per VM per month” and “per VM per hour” … Storage support for virtual machines … When multiple VMs share storage, the storage costs are attributed to only one of the VMs. A planned enhancement will distribute the cost across all the attached VMs.

### [替代VMware | ZStack Cloud精细化运营解析](https://www.zstack.io/brand-news/news/product-news/6063.html)
- 来源：ZStack 产品动态 2026-01-07
> ZStack Cloud替代VMware VCF后通过计量计费的基于租户、部门、项目、资源四级维度，实现全链路精准计量与灵活计费 … 资源覆盖全面：涵盖处理器、内存、云盘（根云盘/数据云盘）、GPU、公网IP、弹性裸金属实例等全类型资源 … 自定义计费价目：可集中管理资源计费单价，根云盘、数据云盘支持按性能分级定价 … 项目到期或资源用尽前，系统自动通知；到期后可按策略自动停止或释放资源，从根本上杜绝“遗忘资源”带来的浪费。

### [Rafay Cost Visibility & Chargebacks](https://docs.rafay.co/cost_management/overview/)
- 来源：Rafay 文档
> Unified Solution for Complete Cost Visibility, Optimization, and Chargeback Management. … Generate detailed or summary chargeback/showback reports tailored to business needs. … Ingest billing data from AWS, Azure, and GCP … Configure custom pricing for private data center resources. … Allocate costs for control planes, shared services, and unallocated resources. … Automated Rightsizing Trigger rightsizing actions based on historical data.

### [HPE Morpheus Enterprise Features](https://www.hpe.com/ca/en/morpheus-enterprise-software/features.html)
- 来源：HPE 功能页
> Built in FinOps tools Cost management, chargeback, show-back, and budgeting across both on-prem and public clouds. … HPE Morpheus VM Essentials only includes a limited subset of these features, whereas HPE Morpheus Enterprise can add templates and blueprints, policy guardrails, costing features, additional private and public cloud support, and more.

### [OpenNebula Showback 7.4](https://docs.opennebula.io/7.4/product/cloud_system_administration/multitenancy/showback/)
- 来源：OpenNebula 文档
> The Showback toolset reports resource usage cost and allows the integration with Chargeback and billing platforms. … VM Template can optionally define a cost … cost per cpu hour, and cost per memory MB per hour. The cost units are abstract … There is a timer in the front-end, called opennebula-showback.timer that automatically calculates the Showback every day.

## 对卷宗的影响
- 六件套基线锁定为 VCF Operations 文档用语，Aria 仅作历史名。
- NCM / RH / ZStack / Rafay / OpenNebula / Morpheus Enterprise 可填表；其余 18 家里多数标无公开方案，禁止用监控页冒充 FinOps。
- GPU/Token 成本不在 Aria 六件套内，已在卷宗「AI 时代」单列。